Meditation for Children

More on Meditation for Children

From the purpose of view of yogic body structure, kids below age 8 have no need for much formal meditation teaching. It is actually a bigger factor for these children that their parents learn yoga and meditation and carry yogic principles into their homes. Children take in the energy of the environment. If their parents practice a certain amount of self-development, their children will grow up in a improved, a lot more and mindful environment.

Parents need to practice meditation techniques that increase their own capacity for awareness amid their busy lives, to be a little more present and available to their children. The small child needs that can be known that a parent is really interested in them, is really taking note of and attending to them. Simultaneously, parents need to read how You Can allow children to be themselves as well as foster each child's own unique being and abilities.

One meditation technique may with children in this age group, however. A modified practice of yoga nidra is a deep relaxation practice in a position. In this practice we simply cannot ask the children to feel individual body parts, but rather we work with awareness of larger parts. For example, once in a while playfully instruct your son or daughter in body awareness by saying, "Feel that you're a statute until I count to 10. Now bend your elbows and from now on straighten your arms." We give similar instructions along with the legs and may keep these things wiggle their toes, etc. This takes their awareness through the body

Introducing children to yoga, meditation, and spirituality is truly the greatest gifts we can give them. It may possibly set their future on a nourishing and creative course. As teachers, came across are able to present this knowledge so that children of different ages will receive the most benefit as a result.

Once children are suffering from a little body awareness, we are able to make them learn being and follow outside sounds, or perhaps to visualize imaginary realms, or we can read stories that stimulate their imaginations.

By the age of eight, a child's fundamental personality has formed with his fantastic or her body begins a steps involved in getting yourself ready for puberty. Changes to be able to occur in children's brains around age eight, and these changes reach a peak during puberty. All of us teach meditation to this age group, our main aim is always to support balanced mental and physical development. This element helps the small child be much better mentally prepared for the onslaught of feelings, desires, and urges that arise during puberty. It also supports the child's in order to take in knowledge at high school, as well as to develop a relaxed focus and good memory.

Eight-year-olds in India learn three practices to foster total physical, mental, and spiritual development. These are Sun Salutation for the body, alternate nostril breathing for brain as priligy and mind, and mantras for the deeper mind and spirit. These practices can slow the onset of puberty and balance its effects by acting on the subtle channels that flow while in the spine. Mental development then has time for you to catch up to physical changes.

Yogic physiology explains how this occurs. A child's physical changes during puberty they are under the control of pingala nadi, the spinal channel that carries prana, the life span force. Mental development occurs under the control of ida nadi, the spinal channel that carries psychological force. Excessive stimulation belonging to the physical channel alone, as has a tendency to occur in the normal social environment, causes imbalanced development and can make puberty a rough process. The yogic practices taught children today stimulate both channels equally, to stimulate physical and mental growth too.

The practice of Sun Salutation balances all the memories force, prana, preventing it from becoming jammed up in the sexual centers (swadhisthana chakra). One note of caution is always to teach children only asanas which might be playful and that won't put too much pressure on the endocrine system. Never hold the most important poses for extended periods, as they will overstimulate the physical systems and can cause imbalanced development.

Alternate nostril breathing is usually a pre-meditative practice that balances energy flow in both ida and pingala. This pranayama directly affects the both mental and physical systems by balancing both sides of the brain. Do not teach breath retention to children. Simply encourage them to observe the flow belonging to the breath in somewhere and out on the other half, alternating sides. This will calm and balance them.

Mantras are the main meditative practices taught to this fact age group, as they powerfully affect the brain along with its development. The main mantra taught is the Gayatri mantra. This mantra has 24 syllables, as both versions stimulates a different a portion of the brain. Gayatri may be the mantra to stimulate our intelligence.

Every one of the practices in the list above, including yoga nidra as detailed for younger children, will support a child's ability to learn, to take in and digest information at high school, and to develop individual interests.

Our students in the post-pubertal stage of adolescence can engage a lot more classical different types of meditation. We can make them learn techniques that further support their mental development, as an example, to allow them to can stay relaxed and in a position to concentrate during these most important learning years.

Again, top-of-the-line practices to explain to is yoga nidra. On this occasion we can make use of the adult form, rotating the awareness through the parts of the body and then taking awareness deeper into the breath and mind.

Visualization techniques are wonderful for this age group, and techniques that develop memory and mental power are particularly useful. For example, we can ask a child to visualize an imaginary blackboard and enquire of the property to see themselves writing the letters of the alphabet on this board in colored chalk. Or in nowadays, to visualize a computer screen and see themselves creating their own computer game, following their hero through any story they create.

Breath meditations are useful for helping students who are at home studying. It's very important for college kids to remain seated relaxed and receptive, as well as to take regular productive and relaxing breaks from study. They are able to, ought to they wish, use that time to mentally review their work.

Meditation is the term for any one of a family of practices in which professionals train their minds or self-induce a mode of consciousness in order to benefit. Meditation is generally an inwardly oriented, personal practice, which individuals are capable of doing by themselves. Prayer beads or other ritual objects are available during meditation. Meditation may involve invoking or cultivating a feeling or internal state, such as compassion, or attending to a specific focal point. The term can refer to the state itself, and to practices or techniques employed to cultivate new york state.

One can find dozens a lot more specific styles of meditation practice; the concept of meditation may carry different meanings in different contexts. Meditation continues to be practiced since antiquity to be a component of numerous religious traditions.A 2007 study by the UNITED STATES. government found that nearly 9.4% of U.S. adults (over twenty million) had trained meditation within the past twelve months, up seven point six percent (more than 15 million people) in 2002.

Ever since the 1960s, meditation has been the main objective of increasing scientific research of uneven rigor and quality. In over 1,000 published research studies, various bear in mind before meditation have been known to cause changes in metabolism, blood pressure, brain activation, along with other bodily processes. Meditation has been utilized in clinical settings as being a method of stress and pain reduction.

The English meditation is derived from the Latin meditatio, from a verb meditari, meaning "to think, contemplate, devise, ponder, meditate".

In the Old Testament hag , really means to sigh or murmur, but and also to meditate. When the Hebrew Bible was translated into Greek, hag took over as the Greek melete. The Latin Bible then translated hag/melete into meditatio. The use of the term meditatio within the a formal, stepwise steps involved in meditation goes here we are at the 12th-century monk Guigo II.

Apart by reviewing the historical usage, the term meditation was introduced as a translation for Eastern spiritual practices, recognized dhyana in Buddhism and in Hinduism, which is derived from the Sanskrit root dhyai, meaning to contemplate or meditate. The term "meditation" in English may also refer to practices from Islamic Sufism, or other traditions such as Jewish Kabbalah and Christian Hesychasm. An edited book about "meditation" published in 2003, as an example, included chapter contributions by authors describing Buddhist, Christian, Hindu, Islamic, and Taoist traditions. Scholars have noted that "the term 'meditation' as it has entered contemporary usage" is parallel to the term "contemplation" in Christianity.

The history of meditation is intimately bound up together with the religious context within which it was practiced. Even in the prehistoric era civilizations used repetitive, rhythmic chants and offerings to appease the gods. Some authors have even suggested the hypothesis that the emergence of the capacity for focused attention, a component of many techniques for carpet cleaning meditation, may have contributed to the final phases of human biological evolution. References to meditation with Rishabha in Jainism return to the Acaranga Sutra dating to 500 BC. Around 500-600BC Taoists in China and Buddhists in India did start to develop meditative practices.

In the western world, by 20BCE Philo of Alexandria had written on some kind "spiritual exercises" involving attention (prosoche) and concentration and by the 3rd century Plotinus had developed meditative techniques.

The Pali Canon, which dates to 1st century BCE considers Indian Buddhist meditation as being a step towards salvation. Once Buddhism was spreading in China, the Vimalakirti Sutra which dates to 100CE included a number of passages on meditation, clearly pointing to Zen. The Silk Road transmission of Buddhism introduced meditation along with other oriental countries, as well as in 653 the first meditation hall was opened in Japan. Returning from China around 1227, Dogen wrote the instructions for Zazen.

The Islamic practice of Dhikr had involved the repetition of the 99 Names of God ever since the 8th or 9th century. By the 12th century, practicing Sufism included specific meditative techniques, as well as followers practiced breathing controls as well as repetition of holy words. Interactions with Indians or the Sufis may have influenced the Eastern Christian meditation way for you to hesychasm, but this is not proved. Between the 10th and 14th centuries, hesychasm was developed, particularly on Mount Athos in Greece, and involves the repetition of the Jesus prayer.
Western Christian meditation contrasts with most other ways for the reason doesn't necessarily involve the repetition of any phrase or action as well as no specific posture. Western Christian meditation progressed from the 6th century practice of Bible reading among Benedictine monks called Lectio Divina, i.e. divine reading. Its four formal steps as a "ladder" were defined by the monk Guigo II in the 12th century with all the Latin terms lectio, meditatio, oratio, and contemplatio (i.e. read, ponder, pray, contemplate). Western Christian meditation was further having to do with saints such as Saint Ignatius of Loyola and Teresa of Avila while in the 16th century.

By the 18th century, the research into Buddhism in the West must have been a topic for intellectuals. The philosopher Schopenhauer discussed it, and Voltaire asked for toleration towards Buddhists. The first English translation of the Tibetan Book belonging to the Dead was printed in 1927.

Secular forms of meditation were introduced in India in the 1950s to be a Westernized form of Hindu meditative techniques and found its way to land and Europe while in the 1960s. As opposed to focusing on spiritual growth, secular meditation emphasizes stress reduction, relaxation and self improvement. Both spiritual and secular different types of meditation happen to be subjects of scientific analyses. Research on meditation began in 1931, with scientific research increasing dramatically during the 1970s and 1980s. Since the beginning of the '70s greater thousand studies of meditation in English-language have been reported. However, after 60 several years of scientific study, the exact mechanism where you work in meditation remains unclear.

Review
"editation is the term for a family of self-regulation practices that focus on training attention and awareness in order to bring mental processes under greater voluntary control and thereby foster general mental well-being and development and/or specific capacities such as calm, clarity, and concentration":228-9 Walsh & Shapiro (2006)
"editation can be used to spell out practices that self-regulate the body and mind, thereby affecting mental events by engaging a specific attentional set.... regulation of attention could be the central commonality along side the many divergent methods":180 Cahn & Polich (2006)
"We define meditation... as a stylized mental technique... repetitively practiced when considering attaining a subjective experience that is frequently referred to as very restful, silent, in addition to heightened alertness, often characterized as blissful":415 Jevning et al. (1992)
"the advantages of the meditator to retrain his attention, whether through concentration or mindfulness, is the single invariant ingredient in... every meditation system":107 Goleman (1988)
*Influential reviews (cited >50 times in PsycINFO),
surrounding multiple techniques for carpet cleaning meditation.

Since 1971, Naranjo noted that "The idea of 'meditation' has been utilized to designate a variety of tactics that differ enough derived from one of another so that we may find trouble in defining what meditation is.":6 There remains no definition of necessary and sufficient criteria for meditation that has achieved universal or widespread acceptance within the modern scientific community, as one study recently noted a "persistent lack of consensus in the literature" as well as a "seeming intractability of defining meditation".:135

In popular usage, the concept of a "meditation" as well as the phrase "meditative practice" are often used imprecisely to designate broadly similar practices, or sets of practices, which might be found across many cultures and traditions.

Some of the difficulty in precisely defining meditation has been the need to recognize the particularities there are many various traditions. There exists differences between the theories of merely one tradition of meditation to what the result will be to figure out meditation. The differences between multiple various traditions, which may have grown up a great distance apart from each other, may perhaps be even more stark. The defining of what 'meditation' is is mainly responsible for difficulties for modern scientists. Scientific reviews have proposed that researchers and try to more clearly define the meditation being practiced so that the results of their studies be made more clear.:499 Taylor noted that to refer as well as then meditation from a particular faith (e.g., "Hindu" or "Buddhist")

is not enough, since the cultural traditions from which a particular kind of meditation comes are quite different as well as within a single tradition differ in complex ways. The specific name of a approach or perhaps a teacher or even the title of a specific text is often quite of importance to identifying a particular type of meditation.:2

In a very specific context, more precise meanings are not uncommonly given the word "meditation." For example, 'meditation', is sometimes the translation of meditatio in Latin, which is the third of four steps of Lectio Divina, an ancient form of Christian prayer. 'Meditation' may also refer to the second of the three steps of Yoga in Patanjali's Yoga Sutras, a step called dhyana in Sanskrit. Meditation may refer to a mental or spiritual state that is definitely attained by such practices, and may refer to the technique of that state.

This article mainly is targeted on meditation while in the broad sense of a type of discipline, found in various forms in many cultures, by which the practitioner attempts to get beyond the reflexive, "thinking" mind (sometimes called "discursive thinking" or "logic") into a deeper, more devout, a lot more relaxed state. The terms "meditative practice" and "meditation" are mainly designed for used here in this broad sense. However, usage are vastly different somewhat by context - readers should know that in quotations, or in discussions of particular traditions, more unique meanings of "meditation" may at times be used (with meanings made clear by context whenever possible).
Western typologies

Ornstein noted that "most techniques of meditation do not exist as solitary practices but are only artificially separable from an entire system of practice and belief".:143 Which means, for instance, while monks engage in meditation began this morning their everyday lives, they also enlist the codified rules and live together in monasteries in specific cultural settings, that go along with their reflective practices. These meditative practices occasionally have similarities (often noticed by Westerners), for instance concentration on the breath is practiced in both Zen, Tibetan and Theravadan contexts, and these similarities or 'typologies' are noted here.
Bodhidharma practicing zazen.

Progress on the "intractable" problem of defining meditation was attempted by a recent study of views common to 7 experts been trained in diverse but empirically highly studied (clinical or Eastern-derived) different types of meditation. The study identified "three main criteria... as essential to any meditation practice: using defined technique, logic relaxation, and a self-induced state/mode. Other criteria deemed important involve a state of psychophysical relaxation, minor to moderate self-focus skill or anchor, the existence of a state of suspension of logical thought processes, a religious/spiritual/philosophical context, or perhaps a state of mental silence".:135 However, the study cautioned that "It can be plausible that meditation is best considered as a natural category of techniques best captured by 'family resemblances'... or by the related prototype model of concepts".:135

In modern psychological research, meditation continues to be defined and characterized in numerous ways; most emphasize the role of attention (see table at right).

Under western culture, meditation may also be thought of by 50 percent broad categories: concentrative meditation and mindfulness meditation. Note that a pair of categories cover a small scope of the broad variety of meditation techniques. These two categories are discussed while in the following two paragraphs, with concentrative meditation being used interchangeably with focused attention and mindfulness meditation being used interchangeably with open monitoring,

direction of mental attention... A practitioner can focus intensively on one particular object (so-called concentrative mediation), on all mental events that get into the field of awareness (so-called mindfulness meditation), or both specific focal points and also the field of awareness.:130

"One style, Focused Attention (FA) meditation, entails the voluntary focusing of attention on a chosen object. The other style, Open Monitoring (OM) meditation, involves non-reactive monitoring of the content of experience from moment to moment."

Among the concentrative meditation is anapanasati, and an example of mindfulness meditation is, needless to say, mindfulness meditation.

Other typologies have also proposed, and some techniques shift among major categories.

Evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests that the categories of meditation, defined by how they direct attention, look as if generate different brainwave patterns. Evidence also suggests that using different focus objects during meditation may generate different brainwave patterns.

In the teachings of the Bah' Faith meditation, along with prayer, considered primary tools for spiritual development, and yes it mainly is the word for one's reflection on the words of God. While prayer and meditation are linked where meditation happens generally in a prayerful attitude, prayer is seen specifically as turning toward God, and meditation is seen as a communion with one's self where one focuses on the divine.

The Bah' teachings note that the intention of meditation is always to strengthen one's know-how about computers the words of God, and then to make one's soul more scratching and water damage their potentially transformative power, and that both prayer and meditation are needed to generate and then to maintain a spiritual communion with God.

Bah'u'llh, the founder of the religion, never specified any particular form of meditation, as well as innate and physical is provided for free to choose their own form. However, he specifically did state that Bah's should read a passage of the Bah' writings twice daily, once every, and once at dusk, and meditate when you hit it. He also encouraged website visitors to reflect on one's actions and worth on the end of each and every day. The Nineteen Day Fast, a nineteen-day period belonging to the year, during which Bah's adhere to a sunrise-to-sunset fast, is also seen as meditative, where Bah's must mediate and pray to reinvigorate their spiritual forces.

Buddhist meditation refers back to the meditative practices of the religion and philosophy of Buddhism. Core meditation techniques have been preserved in ancient Buddhist texts and now have proliferated and diversified through teacher-student transmissions. Buddhists pursue meditation included in the path toward Enlightenment and Nirvana. The closest words for meditation while in the classical languages of Buddhism are bhavana and jhana/dhyana.

Buddhist meditation techniques are getting to be more popular then ever in the wider world, quite a few non-Buddhists taking them up for a variety of reasons. While various similar meditative practices such as breath meditation and various recollections (anussati) which might be used across Buddhist schools, another possibility is significant diversity. While in the Theravada tradition alone, there are over fifty methods for developing mindfulness and forty for developing concentration, within the Tibetan tradition you can find thousands of visualization meditations. Most classical and contemporary Buddhist meditation guides are school-specific.

The Buddha has been said to have identified two paramount mental qualities that arise from wholesome meditative practice:

"serenity" or "tranquillity" (Pali: samatha) which steadies, composes, unifies and concentrates the mind;
"insight" (Pali: vipassana) which enables in order to see, explore and discern "formations" (conditioned phenomena according to the five aggregates).

Through the meditative continuing development of serenity, a person is in a position to suppress obscuring hindrances; and, aided by the suppression of the hindrances, it is actually through the meditative continuing development of insight that one gains liberating wisdom.

Christian Meditation can be a term for form of prayer where a structured attempt is made to find and deliberately reflect upon the revelations of God. From time to time meditation is derived from the Latin word meditari which means to concentrate. Christian meditation is the process of deliberately focusing on specific thoughts (e.g. a biblical scene involving Jesus along with the Virgin Mary) and reflecting on their meaning negative credit the love of God.

Christian meditation contrasts with cosmic styles of eastern meditation as radically as the portrayal of God the Father while in the Bible contrasts with discussions of Krishna or Brahman in Indian teachings. Contrary eastern meditations, most fashions of Christian meditations do not count on the repeated use of mantras, but you are planned to stimulate thought and intensify meaning. Christian meditation aims to heighten the personal relationship good love of God that marks Christian communion.

In Aspects of Christian meditation, the Catholic Church warned of potential incompatibilities in mixing Christian and eastern styles of breathing. In the year 2003, in A Christian contemplation on the brand new Age the Vatican announced that the "Church avoids any concept that may be close to the individuals of the New Age".

Christian meditation is sometimes taken to mean the middle level in a broad three stage characterisation of prayer: it then involves more reflection than first level vocal prayer, but is far more structured than the multiple layers of contemplation in Christianity.

The earliest clear references to meditation in Hindu literature found yourself in the middle Upanishads as well as the Mahabharata, which includes the Bhagavad Gita. According to Gavin Flood, a person let Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is the term for meditation when it states that "having becoming calm and concentrated, one perceives the self (atman) within oneself".

The practices of yoga help a person to control your body and mind and senses as a result ego can be transcended as well as the true self (atman) experienced, which results in moksha or liberation. According to Patajali's ashtanga yoga practice includes ethical discipline (yamas), rules (niyamas), physical postures (asanas), breath control (pranayama), withdrawal from the senses (pratyahara), one-pointedness of mind (dharana), meditation (dhyana), and at last samadhi, that is described as the union of the Self (atman) with the omnipresent (Brahman), and is also the ultimate goal of all of the Hindu yogis.

Meditation in Hinduism is simply not confined to any school or sect as well as expanded beyond Hinduism to the West. Today hopes new branch of yoga which combines Christian practices with yogic postures known popularly as Christian Yoga.

The influential modern proponent of Hinduism who first introduced Eastern philosophy to the West while in the late 19th century, Swami Vivekananda, describes meditation as follows:

Meditation continues to be laid stress upon by all religions. The meditative perspective is declared by the Yogis to always be the very best state when the mind exists. When your body and mind is staring at the external object, it gets identified along with it, loses itself. To use the simile belonging to the old Indian philosopher: the soul of man can be compared to a little bit of crystal, but it really takes the colour of whatever is near it. Needs to be soul touches ... it should take its colour. Option difficulty. That constitutes the bondage.

A Muslim is obliged to pray half a dozen times a day: once before sunrise, at noon, while in the afternoon, after sunset, and once during the night time. During prayer a Muslim focuses and meditates on God by reciting the Qur'an and engaging in dhikr to reaffirm and strengthen the bond between Creator and creation, with all the purpose of guiding the soul to truth. Such meditation is supposed to help maintain a a sense of spiritual peace, facing whatever challenges work, social or family life may present.

The five daily acts of peaceful prayer in order to function as template and inspiration for conduct during the intricate process of the day, transforming it, ideally, into one single and sustained meditation: even sleep has been to be regarded as but another phase of that sustained meditation.

Meditative quiescence is said to own a quality of healing, and in up-to-date language strengthening creativity. The Islamic prophet Muhammad spent sustained times in rumination and meditation. It was during one such period that Muhammad began to take advantage of the revealing belonging to the Qur'an.

Following are the styles, or schools, of meditation in the Muslim customs:

Tafakkur or tadabbur, basically means rumination upon the universe: this really is considered to permit access to a form of intellectual and emotional improvement that can emanate only from the greater level, i.e. from God. The experience of receiving divine inspiration awakens and liberates both spirit and reason, enabling such inner growth that the obviously everyday really takes on the products the infinite. Muslim teachings welcome life to be a test of one's submission to God.
Meditation in the Sufi traditions is largely based on a spectrum of mystical exercises, varying from one lineage to a new. Such techniques, particularly the more audacious, can be, and the best happen to be down the ages, a source of controversy among scholars. One broad group of ulema, followers belonging to the great Al-Ghazzali, as an example, have in general been in order to such techniques and different types of devotion, while another such group, those who concur together with the Ibn Taymiya, reject and generally condemn such procedures as species of bid'ah (Arabic: ????) or mere innovation.

Many Sufi cultures place priority upon a meditative procedure similar in its cognitive aspect to a single of the two principal approaches available while in the Buddhist traditions: that of the concentration technique, involving high-intensity and sharply focused introspection. While in the Oveyssi-Shahmaghsoudi Sufi order, for example, the vast majority of evident, where muraqaba takes the type of tamarkoz, the latter to be a Persian term that means concentration.

In Jainism, meditation has been a core spiritual practice, a person who Jains believe people have undertaken ever since the teaching of the Tirthankara, Rishabha. All of the twenty four Tirthankaras practiced deep meditation and attained enlightenment. They all are shown in meditative postures while in the images or idols. Mahavira practiced deep meditation for twelve years and attained enlightenment. The Acaranga Sutra dating to 500 BC, addresses the meditation system of Jainism in more detail. Acharya Bhadrabahu belonging to the 4th century BC practiced deep Mahaprana meditation for 12 years. Kundakunda of 1st century BCE, opened new types of meditation in Jain custom through his books Samayasara, Pravachansar and others.

Jain meditation and spiritual practices system were referred to as salvation-path. It has three important parts referred to as the Ratnatraya "Three Jewels": right perception and faith, right knowledge and right conduct. Meditation in Jainism aims at realizing the self, attaining salvation, take the soul in order to complete freedom. It aims to reach you as well as remain while in the pure state of soul which is regarded pure consciousness, beyond any attachment or aversion. The practitioner strives to be mouse click away knower-seer (Gyata-Drashta). Jain meditation can be broadly categorized to Dharmya Dhyana and Shukla Dhyana.

There is a number of meditation techniques such as pindastha-dhyana, padastha-dhyana, rupastha-dhyana, rupatita-dhyana, savirya-dhyana, etc. In padastha dhyana one makes a speciality of Mantra. A Mantra could be either a mixture of biology core letters or words on deity or themes. There's a rich tradition of Mantra in Jainism. All Jain followers it does not matter their sect, whether Digambara or Svetambara, practice mantra. Mantra chanting is an essential part of daily lives of Jain monks and followers. Mantra chanting may be accomplished either loudly or silently in mind. Yogasana and Pranayama continues to be an vital practice undertaken since ages. Pranayama breathing exercises are carried out to strengthen the ten Pranas or vital energy. Yogasana and Pranayama balances the functioning of neuro-endocrine system of body so it helps in achieving good physical, mental and emotional health.

Contemplation is definitely an old and important meditation technique. The practitioner meditates deeply on subtle facts. In agnya vichaya, one contemplates on seven facts - life and non-life, the inflow, bondage, stoppage and removal of karmas, as well as final accomplishment of liberation. In apaya vichaya, one contemplates on the incorrect insights one indulges into and that eventually develops right insight. In vipaka vichaya, one reflects on the eight causes or basic types of karma. In sansathan vichaya, when one thinks with regards to the vastness belonging to the universe and also the loneliness belonging to the soul.